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How Stress Can Muddle Your Mind And Memory

People under a great deal of stress can tend to make more mistakes and have problems thinking clearly. Stress elevates our cortisol levels, and can have a negative impact on nerve cells in the brain that are related to memory. In animal studies, cortisol has been shown to increase the rate of cell death in the brain. People with chronically high levels of cortisol show accelerated degeneration of the hippocampus, a region of the brain vital for proper cognitive function and emotional well-being.

DHEA appears to have a protective effect against the ravages of stress. Numerous animal studies have shown that the adrenal hormone DHEA can protect the brain from neuronal damage and enhance memory function. Low DHEA correlates with the presence of organic brain syndrome in elderly men. Although a recent study found that DHEA replacement did not influence cognitive performance in a group of healthy elderly individuals, this may be because DHEA affects brain function through its balancing effect on cortisol, by blocking some of negative effects of high cortisol on learning and memory.

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References:

  1. Fleshner M, Pugh CR, Tremblay D, Rudy JW. DHEA selectively impairs contextual-fear conditioning: support for the antiglucocorticoid hypothesis. Behav Neurosci 1997;111(3):512-517.
  2. Flood JF, Roberts E. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate improves memory in aging mice. Brain Res 1988;448(1):178-181.
  3. Kirschbaum C, Wolf OT, May M, Wippich W, Hellhammer DH. Stress- and treatment-induced elevations of cortisol levels associated with impaired declarative memory in healthy adults. Life Sci 1996;58(17):1475-1483.
  4. Lupien SJ, Gaudreau S, Tchiteya BM, Maheu F, Sharma S, Naier NP, et. al. Stress-induced declarative memory impairment in healthy elderly subjects: relationship to cortisol reactivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(7):2070-5.
  5. Melamed S, Bruhis S. The effects of chronic industrial noise exposure on urinary cortisol, fatigue and irritability: a controlled field experiment. J Occup Environ Med 1996;38(3):252-6.
  6. Melchior CL, Ritzmann RF. Neurosteroids block the memory-impairing effects of ethanol in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996 Jan;53(1):51-6.
  7. Nasman B, Olsson T, Backstron T, Eriksson S, Grankvist K, Viitanen M, Bucht G. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in Alzheimer's disease and in multi-infarct dementia. Biol Psychiatry 1991;30(7):684-690.
  8. Roberts, E, Bologa L, Flood JF, Smith GE. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate on brain tissue in culture and on memory in mice. Brain Res 1987;406(1-2):357-362.
  9. Rudman D, Shetty KR, Mattson DE. Plasma dehydropepiandrosterone sulfate in nursing home men. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38(4):421-427.
  10. Sapolsky RM. Why stress is bad for your brain. Science 1996;273:749-750. Salposky R. Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanism of Neuron Death. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 1992
  11. Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, Geiben AC, Strasburger CJ, Dressendorfer RA, et. al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(7):2363-2367.

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