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What Is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a hormone your body produces in the pineal gland to help you sleep. Your body functions upon a 24-hour cycle of light and dark, called your circadian rhythm, that regulates melatonin secretion in your body. During the day, your pineal gland is inactive and melatonin secretion is at a minimum. At night, however, as you're ready to fall asleep, your pineal gland is just starting to wake up, increasing your melatonin levels and helping your body relax and fall asleep. In fact, your melatonin levels peak at around 2 a.m., when you are likely in your deepest sleep of the night.

Have you ever noticed that you become tired more easily in the winter? In winter, there is less light than in summer, which disrupts the pattern of your melatonin secretion. Since melatonin secretion is dependent upon light, this causes you to become sleepier, which may affect your mood, during these months.

Besides promoting an optimal sleep pattern, melatonin has been shown to be one of the most potent antioxidants in nature, protecting your body from free radical damage. Melatonin levels can affect cardiovascular function and menstruation.

Because melatonin plays a vital role throughout your entire body, having a proper level of melatonin is essential for good sleep and optimal overall well being.

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SleepCheck References:

  1. Arendt J. Melatonin — a new probe in psychiatric investigation? Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155: 585-590.
  2. Brown RP, Kocsis JH, Caroff S, Amsterdam J, Winokur A, Stokes P, Frazer A. Depressed mood and reality disturbance correlate with decreased nocturnal melatonin in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76(3): 272-275.
  3. Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, McArthur JW, Carr DB. Exercise effect upon plasma melatonin levels in women: possible physiological significance. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1982; 7(2): 90-97.
  4. Danforth DN Jr, Tamarkin L, Mulvihill JJ, Bagley CS, Lippman ME. Plasma melatonin and the hormone-dependency of human breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3(7): 940-948.
  5. Lissoni P, et al. Modulation of cancer endocrine therapy by melatonin: a phase two study of tamoxifen plus melatonin in metastic breast cancer patients progressing under tamoxifen alone. Br J Cancer 1995; 71: 854-856.
  6. McIntyre IM, Judd FK, Marriott PM, Burrows GD, Norman TR. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1989; 9(2): 159-164.
  7. Shida CS, Castrucci AML, Lamy-Freund MT. High melatonin solubility in aqueous medium. J Pineal Res 1994; 16: 198-201.
  8. Silman RE. Melatonin: a contraceptive for the nineties. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993; 49(1-2): 3-9.
  9. Vakkuri O. Diurnal rhythm of melatonin in human saliva. Acta Physiol Scand 1985; 124(3): 409-412.

 

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